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Igor Ledochowski - Do the effects of hypnotherapy last?
Positive affect, negative affect, and negative effects during a phenomenological hypnotic assessment
Positive and negative affect generated while using the Phenomenology of Consciousness--Hypnotic Assessment Procedure (PCI-HAP) on a sample of drug and alcohol users were predicted using several variables. The results were then cross-validated on a second, smaller sample. The results suggest that, although some negative affect was reported, the PCI-HAP was more likely to generate positive, rather than negative, affect. Positive affect was related to the vividness of a suggested hypnotic dream during hypnosis and also hypnotic depth; these findings were replicated upon cross-validation. Although negative affect correlated with the Dissociative Experiences Scale scores and falling asleep, these results did not replicate upon cross-validation. Mild transient negative effects (e.g., headache) were reported by about 10% of the participants in a smaller, second sample. Implications of the results are discussed.
Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2009 Jan;57(1):64-93. Pekala RJ, Kumar VK, Maurer RL Sr, Elliott-Carter N, Moon E, Mullen K. Coatesville Veterans Administration Medical Center, Coatesville, Pennsylvania 19380-2765, USA. Ronald.Pekala@med.va.gov
A person’s overall valuation of their self-worth is their self-esteem. It can also be called self-worth, self respect, self integrity, or self regard. It can also be discussed in terms of levels. These range from poor self-esteem to equally unhealthy problems with narcissism. Psychologists, coaches, teachers, and others may evaluate the relative level of someone's self-esteem when establishing whether change may be required.
There are two other areas that I believe directly impact on a person's self-esteem. These are the related concepts of self perception of competence and stress. The...
According to widely available statistics, too many people in Western countries failed to follow diets conducive to good health. Obesity is a major problem. While efforts are made to encourage healthy diets and proper exercise, they fail to be adequate.
Food serves the dual function. Not only is it necessary for physical nourishment, it also has a significant role in our feelings of emotional well-being. Additionally, it is related to our survival instinct. Thus we eat not only to survive physically, but also to survive emotionally. Our perceived need to handle negative stress and any...
Without stress we would have very little motivation. We are constantly assessing the balance between our capabilities and perceived difficulties of the challenges that we face every day. When we are inspired, we are motivated to show that our capabilities clearly outweigh the obstacles in front of us. However, even if we are successful, prolonged periods of stress can have its toll. This is why we need to achieve as much balance in life as possible. On the other hand, there are times that the things that stress us may seem to exceed our capabilities to handle them. Likewise, this adds to the...
